Inlet patch proximal esophagus

Figure 4. Figure 5. References 1. Raine CH. Ectopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus as a cause of dysphagia. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. Gastric heterotopia of the proximal esophagus: a report of four cases detected by endoscopy and review of literature. Am J Gastroenterol. Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus inlet patch : endoscopic prevalence, histological and clinical characteristics.

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Arch Pathol Lab Med. Is there a link between cervical inlet patch and Barrett's esophagus? Gastrointest Endosc. Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the esophagus: literature-review and proposal of a clinicopathologic classification.

Is there an association between Helicobacter pylori in the inlet patch and globus sensation? Chong VH. Clinical significance of heterotopic gastric mucosal patch of the proximal esophagus. The inlet patch: heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus.

The prevalence of gastric heterotopia of the proximal esophagus is underestimated, but preneoplasia is rare - correlation with Barrett's esophagus. BMC Gastroenterol. Prevalence and clinical features of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper oesophagus inlet patch Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. Long esophageal inlet patch as a rare cause of laryngopharyngeal symptoms. Dig Dis Sci.

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The diagnosis of inlet patch is confirmed via endoscopy with biopsy. At endoscopy, the lesion appears salmon-coloured and velvety and is easily distinguished from the normal grey-white squamous epithelium of the esophagus. The prominent margins correlate with the radiological findings of indentations and rim-like shadows on barium swallow. Histopathology provides the definitive diagnosis by demonstrating gastric mucosa adjacent to normal esophageal mucosa. There are still many areas that are unknown or not well understood and these include the natural history of HGMPE, risk factors for complications, role of Helicobacter pylori infection and factors associated with malignant transformations.

Follow-up may need to be considered for patients with complications of HGMPE and surveillance if biopsies show intestinal metaplasia or dysplastic changes. Despite the overall low incidence of clinically relevant manifestations reported in the literature, HGMPE is a clinically significant entity but further researches are required to better understand its clinical significance.